The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court Research Paper

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court - Research Paper Example This realization led to the Congress coming up with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, an Act, which would give the government an oversight of surveillance against foreigners (Chiarella & Newton, 1997). The Congress established the FISA Court in 1978 as a special court authorizing the Chief Justice to assign seven judges who would be responsible for reviewing any applications concerning investigations on foreign power agents or foreign powers who seemed to pose a threat towards national security. The judges would be drawn from various judicial circuits and a judge was allowed to serve for a seven-year non-renewable term. After the enacting of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (92 Stat. 1783), the government had realized the need to have mechanisms of obtaining judicial warrants before it started to gather any intelligence information involving foreign power’s agents or foreign powers based in the United States (Chiarella & Newton, 1997). Senator Teddy Kennedy introduced the bill to the house on 18 May 1977 and nine other senators supported him. These were James O. Eastland, Storm Thurmond, Gaylord Nelson, John L. McClellan, Charles Mathias, Daniel Inouye, Walter Huddleston, Jake Garn, and Birch Bayh. These resulted from questions about the legality of intelligence activities, which were being carried out in the country. Frank Church and Sam Ervin led two separate committees that wanted to establish the need of legalizing all activities of gathering foreign intelligence information. It had been reported that President Richard Nixon was using federal security agents to spy on activists and political groups and this violated the US constitutions’ Fourth Amendment. FISA was signed into law by the then president Jimmy Carter (Chiarella & Newton, 1997). The Act was created for the purpose of supervising the way the government used its surveillance facilities to spy on foreigners but at  the same time, protect the secrecy of the intelligence agents.  

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business plan - Essay Example Thus, a business plan is essentially a road map for the organization to achieve its stated objectives (Tyson and Schell 2008). A bird’s eye view of the new institution and the education it proposes to impart With a veritable explosion in globalization and consequent exponential increase in business activities that span across continents and political frontiers the need for suitably educated and properly trained individuals to manage such gargantuan work load in an efficient and effective manner has also increased manifold. People who have an MBA (Masters in Business Administration) are equipped with precisely those skills that are required to manage transnational corporations and thus the craze for obtaining an MBA degree is increasing by leaps and bounds with each passing day (Scalzo 2008). GSBM intends to impart these much needed skills to young individuals who aspire to be dynamic managers of tomorrow. Thus, the mission statement of this new institution would be: To make st udents aware of the techniques and tools of management and how they could be applied in practical contexts To encourage students to develop their independent line of thinking and foster innovative ideas regarding various management issues and situations To adequately equip them to navigate the extremely competitive environs of global business To make students aware of cultural differences that exists across countries and continents as that is extremely necessary to successfully conduct a global business. The subjects that are intended to be taught at GSBM would include strategic management, marketing management, human resource management, adequate knowledge and expertise in finance and accounts, proper induction in the nuances of information technology, imparting the tools and techniques employed by managers in collecting business, and, most certainly, a sufficient knowledge about diverse cultures as cultural competency of an organization is imperative to survive and prosper in glob al market conditions. There is an immense impact of culture on negotiating process as negotiating practices vary from culture to culture and the manner in which people conduct themselves during negotiation process depends almost entirely on the cultural context of each country (Weiss 1994). Thus having a broad idea about prevailing cultures and being careful not to transgress the sensitivities of people belonging to alien cultures is an important lesson that any aspiring global manager needs to learn (Salacuse 1991). Market analysis of the proposed business school The institution would be a business school funded through private investments and would commence its operations initially in London with subsequent plans to open up subsidiaries, franchises or branches in Australia and India. The level of education and the course content would be totally at par with what is being